Correlation between early life exposure to PM 2.5 and risk of autism spectrum disorder among school aged children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the associations between early life exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among school aged children.@*Methods@#A total of 165 children with ASD and 165 age and gender matched typical development (TD) children were recruited. Children s basic information were obtained via questionnaires, and the severity of ASD symptoms was assessed with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Early life PM 2.5 exposure (preconception, entire pregnancy, and the first two years after birth) were extracted from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) datasets. Conditional Logistic regression and generalized linear model were used to evaluate the associations of early life exposure to PM 2.5 with the risk and the ASD severity symptoms, respectively.@*Results@#The PM 2.5 exposure of ASD group during preconception[(55.08±9.34)μg/m 3], entire pregnancy[(50.44±8.71)μg/m 3], the first year after birth [(45.04± 8.25 )μg/m 3] and the second year after birth [(40.19±7.12)μg/m 3] were significant higher than those in TD children [(47.66± 7.63 , 44.19±7.16, 38.95±6.07, 35.76±5.65)μg/m 3]( t =7.94, 7.13, 7.70, 6.32, P <0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding, each increase of 1 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 was associated with higher risk of ASD during preconception ( OR=1.21, 95%CI =1.13-1.29), entire pregnancy( OR=1.18, 95%CI =1.11-1.26), the first year after birth ( OR=1.30, 95%CI =1.18-1.43) and the second year after birth ( OR=1.29, 95%CI =1.17-1.42). No similar results were observed regarding the analyses of SRS total and sub scale scores( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Early life exposure to PM 2.5 is relate to the risk of ASD, these findings indicated that more attention should be paid to ambient PM pollution in the early life prevention and control of ASD.

Discovery of novel α2A adrenergic receptor agonists coupling to Gαi/o proteins by virtual screening / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Most α2-AR agonists derived from dexme-detomidine have few structure differences between them and have no selectivity for α2A/2B-AR or Gi/Gs,that can lead to the side effect of drugs.To get novel and potent α2A-AR agonists,we built the homology model for human α 2A-AR and α2B-AR to find α2A-AR agonists with higher selectivity.Compound P300-2342 and its 3 analogs sig-nificantly decreased the locomotor activity of mice(P＜0.05).Furthermore,P300-2342 and its 3 analogs inhibited the binding of[3H]rauwolscine to α 2A-AR and α 2B-AR respectively.In α2A-AR-HEK293 cells,P300-2342 decre-ased forskolinstimulatedcAMPpruductionwithoutincreas-ing cAMP pruduction,that indicated the P300-2342 acti-vating α2A-AR coupling with Gαi/o pathway without Gαs coupling.P300-2342 had no agonistic and antagonistic activities on α 2B-AR.Similar results were shown in 3 analogs of P300-2342.The docking results showed that P300-2342 formed the π-hydrogen bonds with Y394,V114 of α2A-AR,and with V93 of α2B-AR.3 analogs of P300-2342 formed several π-hydrogen bonds with V114,Y196,F390 of α 2A-AR and with V93 of α 2B-AR.We believe that these molecules can serve as leads for fur-ther optimization of α2A-AR agonists with potentially few side effects.

Role of P2X7/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in cognitive impairment in sleep deprived mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the possible role and mechanism of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7(P2X7)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD)mice.Methods:SPF grade male C57BL / 6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method with 6 mice in each group.They were normal control group (CC group), SD group and SD+ P2X7 receptor antagonist brilliant blue G(BBG) group (SD+ BBG group). Modified multiple platform method was used to establish a 5-day SD model in mice.During the SD intervention period, the mice in SD+ BBG group were injected with BBG(50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once a day, while the mice in CC group and SD group were injected with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Morris water maze was conducted to evaluate the cognitive function of mice.The protein expression levels of P2X7, NLRP3, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated proteins(ASC) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-1β, interleukin-18(IL-18) and microglial polarization surface markers CD206 and CD86 in hippocampus.Graph pad Prism 8.0 software and SPSS 25.0 software were used for statistical analysis and mapping.Results:(1) The interaction effect between time and groups of escape latency in three groups of mice was significant ( F=15.76, P<0.001). From the 2nd to 5th day, the escape latencies of mice in SD group were higher than those of CC group, while the escape latencies of mice in SD+ BBG group were lower than those of SD group (all P<0.05). (2)The results of the space exploration experiment showed that there were statistically significant differences in target quadrant residence time and the times of crossing the platform( F=6.65, P=0.009; F=12.39, P<0.001). The target quadrant residence time ((23.42±0.55) s) and times of crossing the platform ((17.67±0.71) times) of the SD group were both lower than those of the CC group ((29.48±1.78) s, (23.33±0.95) times) (both P<0.05), while the target quadrant residence time ((28.62±1.19) s) and the times of crossing the platforms ((21.33±0.76) times) of the SD+ BBG group were both higher than those of the SD group (both P<0.05). (3)There were statistically significant differences in the protein levels of inflammatory related proteins such as P2X7, NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β in the hippocampus of mice among the 3 groups( F=8.23, 8.97, 8.45, 54.42, 8.12, all P<0.05). Compared with CC group, the protein levels of P2X7 ((0.93±0.02), (0.71±0.04)), NLRP3 ((0.97±0.04), (0.62±0.09)), caspase-1 ((1.00±0.03), (0.76±0.07)), ASC ((0.96±0.02), (0.77±0.04)) and IL-1β ((0.85±0.07), (0.54±0.04)) in SD group were all higher (all P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the protein levels of P2X7 (0.74±0.05), NLRP3 (0.78±0.02), caspase-1 (0.74±0.04), ASC (0.67±0.02), IL-1β (0.53±0.07) in SD+ BBG group were all lower (all P<0.05). (4)There were statistically significant differences in the mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, CD86 and CD206 in hippocampus among the three groups ( F=12.80, 12.28, 105.80, 7.06, 30.19, all P<0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, CD86 in SD group were all higher than those in CC group(all P<0.05), while the mRNA level of CD206 in SD group was lower than that in CC group( P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, CD86 were lower in SD+ BBG group (all P<0.05), while the CD206 mRNA level of SD+ BBG group was higher than that in SD group( P<0.05). Conclusion:SD intervention can lead to cognitive impairment and increased expression of P2X7 in hippocampus of mice, which may be related to the activation of P2X7/ NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, promoting the polarization of microglia into pro-inflammatory type and up-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Inhibition of P2X7 can improve the cognitive function of mice.

Antitumor effect of low-frequency ultrasound combined with autophagy blockade in the mouse model of 4T1 breast cancer / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-frequency ultrasound combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the growth and invasion of 4T1 breast cancer in mice.Methods:4T1 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into 4 groups: control group, ultrasound group, HCQ group and ultrasound combined with HCQ group. Western blot was performed to detect the effects of ultrasound combined with HCQ on the protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3, p62 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the formation of autophagic vesicles. The cell proliferation and cell viability were determined by EdU and CCK-8. Transwell assay was performed to detect the effect of ultrasound combined with HCQ on the invasive ability of 4T1 cells. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the effect of ultrasound combined with HCQ on the apoptosis of 4T1 cells. The transplantation tumor model of 4T1 breast cancer in BALB/c mice was constructed.The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=5 for each group), including control group, ultrasound group, HCQ group, ultrasound combined with HCQ group. The tumor volume and mice body weight were evaluated and measured in each group every 2 days. Results:The expression of LC3-Ⅱ and p62 protein levels increased in the ultrasound combined with HCQ group, and intracellular autophagosome accumulation was evident by transmission electron microscopy. In cellular experiments, compared with the other groups, the ultrasound combined with HCQ group showed stronger growth inhibition, significantly decreased cell proliferation rate, decreased expression of MMP-9, and significantly inhibited invasion (all P<0.050). In the in vivo experiments, compared with the control group, the tumor growth rate of all 3 inter vention groups of mice decreased (all P<0.050), and the ultrasound combined with HCQ group had better therapeutic effects than the ultrasound and HCQ groups. The treatment effect of ultrasound combined with HCQ group was better than that of ultrasound and HCQ groups (all P<0.001). Conclusions:The combination of low-frequency ultrasound and hydroxychloroquine could synergistically inhibit tumor cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and significantly inhibit tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in risk genes of restless legs syndrome: a Meta-analysis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between single nucleic acid polymorphisms (SNPs) of MEIS1, BTBD9, MAP2K5, PTPRD and restless leg syndrome (RLS).Methods:By searching the literatures published before March 1, 2021 at home and abroad, case-control studies on risk genes associated with RLS were collected, and the Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.1 softwares were used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 8 studies were included, with a total of 7 824 cases and 14 645 controls.Meta analysis results showed that the SNPs locus of the risk gene associated with RLS was MEIS1 rs2300478( OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.59-1.78), BTBD9 rs9296249( OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.47-1.77), BTBD9 rs9357271( OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.44-1.55), MAP2K5 rs12593813( OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.36-1.53), MAP2K5 rs11635424( OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.34-1.60)and PTPRD rs1975197( OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.21-1.49). Conclusion:MEIS1 rs2300478, BTBD9 rs9296249, BTBD9 rs9357271, MAP2K5 rs12593813, MAP2K5 rs11635424 and PTPRD rs1975197 are the risk loci of RLS.

A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping

BACKGROUND@#At the end of 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely damaged and endangered people's lives. The public health emergency management system in China has played an essential role in handling the response to the outbreak, which has been appreciated by the World Health Organization and some countries. Hence, it is necessary to conduct an overall analysis of the development of the health emergency management system in China. This can provide a reference for scholars to aid in understanding the current situation and to reveal new research topics.@*METHODS@#We collected 2247 international articles from the Web of Science database and 959 Chinese articles from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Bibliometric and mapping knowledge domain analysis methods were used in this study for temporal distribution analysis, cooperation network analysis, and co-word network analysis.@*RESULTS@#The first international article in this field was published in 1991, while the first Chinese article was published in 2005. The research institutions producing these studies mainly existed in universities and health organizations. Developed countries and European countries published the most articles overall, while eastern China published the most articles within China. There were 52 burst words for international articles published from 1999-2018 and 18 burst words for Chinese articles published from 2003-2018. International top-ranked articles according to the number of citations appeared in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, and 2016, while the corresponding Chinese articles appeared in 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2011.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are differences in the regional and economic distribution of international and Chinese cooperation networks. International research is often related to timely issues mainly by focusing on emergency preparedness and monitoring of public health events, while China has focused on public health emergencies and their disposition. International research began on terrorism and bioterrorism, followed by disaster planning and emergency preparedness, epidemics, and infectious diseases. China considered severe acute respiratory syndrome as the starting research background and the legal system construction as the research starting point, which was followed by the mechanism, structure, system, and training abroad for public health emergency management.

The imaging analysis of solitary lesions in spine / 实用医学杂志

Objective Exploring the imaging findings of solitary lesions in spine to improve the diagnosis level of these diseases. Methods 158 cases of solitary lesions in spine confirmed by pathology from Jan 2011 to Jan 2018 were retrospectively analyzed on bone destruction, intralesional density, signal features, marginal sclerosis, boundary, soft tissue mass, periosteum reaction and involvement of intervertebral disc. Results There were 100 cases of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions, 25 cases of metastatic tumors and 33 cases of infectious diseases. 87 male and 71 female were included, with a mean age of (46.3 ± 7.2) years (range: 5 ～76).There were 13 cases (8.23％) of benign bone tumors and 11 cases (6.96％) of benign tumor-like lesions, 21 cases (13.29％) of intermediate bone tumors and 4 cases (2.53％) of intermediate tumor-like lesions, 76 cases (48.10％) of malignant tumors and 33 cases (20.89％) of infectious diseases. Osteochondroma and fibrous dysplasia were the most common type of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions, respectively. Giant cell tumor and langerhans cell histiocytosis were the most common type of intermediate bone tumors and tumor-like lesions, respectively. Metastases and solitary plasmacytoma were the most common types of malignant tumors. Tuberculosis was the most common type of infectious diseases. Benign lesions usually have no or mild bone destruction. Clear boundary and marginal sclerosis were common, while periosteum reaction and soft tissue mass were rarely seen in benign lesions. Bone destruction with soft tissue mass and periosteum reaction were common in intermediate and malignant lesions. Moreover, malignant tumors usually had obscure boundary. Involvement of adjacent intervertebral disc was the most significant difference between infectious diseases and tumors and tumor-like lesions.Conclusions Solitary lesions in spine have certain regularity, which is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign, malignant tumors and tumor-like lesions and infectious diseases.

Distribution of Astrocytic Syntrophin in Hippocampus from Human Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the expression changes of astrocytic syntrophin in hippocampus from human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Methods From April, 2015 to July, 2016, 17 cases of hippocampus, collected from temporal lobectomy, were divided into MTLE group (n=13) and non-MTLE group (n=4) according to hematoxylin and eosin staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuronal nu-clei immunohistochemical staining. Immunofluorescence double labeling and immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to observe the expression of syntrophin. Results The proliferation of astrocytes increased and neurons reduced in the hippocampus of MTLE group. Syntro-phin was found in the membrane and foot processes of astrocyte, that was enriched along perivascular astrocyte end-feet domain in non-MTLE group, but lost in MTLE group. While the whole expression of syntrophin was more in MTLE group than in non-MTLE group (t=5.421, P<0.001). Conclusion The distribution of syntrophin in hippocampus astrocytes may be related to the development of MTLE.

The application of mind map in theory course teaching of ophthalmology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Ophthalmology is a predominantly morphology of clinical discipline. The eye has the characteristics of small scale, close structure, complex and diverse diseases, different clinical manifestations and so on. As an effective tool, the mind map can promote thinking visualization, help learners establish the logic relation of things and cultivate their innovative ability. To achieve better teaching effect, we introduce the mind map into theory course teaching of ophthalmology. On the one hand, teachers can optimize the teaching design, clarify the teaching ideas, and on the other hand, students can draw the mind map on their own or with others which will improve their subjective initiative of learning and study efficiency, and at the same time cultivate their ability of mutual collaboration.

Comparative study of MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hyperostogeny / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hy-perostogeny ,and the possible mechanism of vertebral body remodeling on degenerative lumbar spine .Methods Imaging data of for-ty-five subjects who were referred for both MRI and CT imaging of the lumbar spine from July 2011 to January 2012 were retro-spectively analyzed .Volume Rendering(VR) and Multi-Planar Reformation(MPR) were used to observe structural characteristics of osteophyte .Osteophyte formation ,MRI signal type and CT features of osteophyte were recorded ,then analyzed their relationship . Results 45 subjects contain 225 vertebral bodies ,there were 38 vertebral bodies containing osteophyte visible to naked eye .The four types of MRI signal were type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ ,accounting for 2(5 .3% ) ,4(10 .5% ) ,10(26 .3% ) and 22(57 .9% ) ,respectively . The three types of CT structural characteristics are type A to type C ,accounting for 4(10 .5% ) ,11(28 .9% ) and 23(60 .5% ) ,re-spectively .The main MRI signal of type A is type Ⅱ(100% ) ,and that of type B and C are both type Ⅳ(72 .7% and 65 .2% ) .Con-clusion There is a corresponding relation between MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hyperostogeny . Constant reconstruction of osteophyte remodels vertebral body on degenerative lumbar spine .

The development and transplantation of LCD module-based interface for medical diagnosis instrument / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on LCD Module and Visual C++ development environment, this paper proposes a new method which can quickly develop the human-machine interface .We define a LCD module programming interface by designing Serial Communication Class(SCS). On this basis,we achieve the transplantation on an Embedded ARM Platform to fulfil the requirements of Medical Diagnostic Instruments (MDI). Experimental results show that this method has advantages of short development cycle and high level transplantation which has broad application prospects in the field of Medical Diagnosis Instrument.

Endoscopic balloon dilatation of small bowel stricture in Crohn′s disease with single balloon enteroscopy / 中华消化杂志

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic balloon dilatation of small bowel stricture in Crohn′s disease with single balloon enteroscopy (SBE).Methods Seven Crohn′s disease patients (four males and three females with a mean age of 37 years) were underwent 10 times dilatation.Before performance,Crohn′s disease with varying degrees of intestinal obstruction was confirmed by image and pathological examinations.There were 8 severe strictures,6 strictures in jejunum.The dilatation was performed step by step with controlled radial expansiondilator (CRE) balloon.After dilatation,the scope could reach the further small bowel was taken as a standard.Results The overall suecess rate was 8 of 10.The average diameter of intestinal stricture was expanded from (4.1 ± 2.5) mm before therapy to (10.2 ±1.5) mm (P＜0.01),and the average distance of the further small bowel that the scope reached was 62 cm.Two patients underwent twice and three times of dilatation.After the performance,all patients′ symptoms of abdominal pain and obstruction relieved obviously and there were no severe complication of bleeding or perforation.After the performance,the average follow-up time was 14 months,two patients were treated by surgery and the other two underwent dilatation treatment again because of the recurrence of symptoms.The median symptom-free time was 15 months and 70％ of patients were without symptom recurrence in one year.Conclusion Endoscopic balloon dilatation of small bowel stricture with SBE is a new technology of endoscopic treatment,which is safe and effective in the treatment of Crohn's diseasecomplicated with intestinal obstruction.

Diagnostic value of double-balloon enteroscopy for small bowel Crohn disease / 中华消化内镜杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of double-balloon endoscopy for the diagnosis of small bowel Crohn disease(CD).MethodsData of 141 patients with suspected CD undergoing double-balloon endoscopy were reviewed.Diagnosis was made based on pathological,endoscopic findings and clinic follow-up results.Detection rates and diagnosis rates of small bowel CD were compared by double-balloon enteroscopy,CT enterography and capsule endoscopy.ResultsThe detection and diagnosis rates of small bowel CD by double-balloon endoscopy were 90.8％ ( 128/141 ) and 98.4％ ( 126/128),respectively.These two variables by CT enterography were 76.0％ (19/25) and 89.5％ (17/19),and those by capsule endoscopy were 60.0％ (15/25) and 93.3％ (14/15).ConclusionDouble balloon enteroscopy has high application value for the diagnosis of small bowel CD.For those contraindicated with endoscopy,CT enterography can be considered as a preferred auxiliary diagnostic modality.

Image research on acetabular teardrop shadow by X-ray plain-film and CT / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the anatomical structure of bone in the formation of acetabular teardrop shadow. Methods The acetabular teardrop shadow of the X ray plain film in 100 children and 300 adults, and of CT in 43 cases were analysed 、measured and compared. Results In children, teardrop shadow appeared “U”in 80 00%, 14 00% in teardrop, 6 00% in line. In adult teardrop shadow appeared “U”in 41 33%, 53 33% in teardrop, 5 34% in line. There were significant differences between children and adult in the frequency of “U” and teardrop (? 2=43 34, P

Comparative Study on Different Embolization ways in Partial Splenic Embolization Operation / 实用放射学杂志

0.05)significant difference in 30 days (P0.001) between trunks groups and branches groups.Conclusion For the pationts with hypersplenism arteries were two or three branches,the PSE operation in the splenic arteriosus branches should be done,if splenic arteries were no truncus or truncus obvious crooked causing to introduce the catheter difficuty,the PSE operation in the splenic arteriosus truncus should be done.